Things I Learned: 2/1/12

-It’s illegal to text the phrase “monkey crotch” in Pakistan.

-It’s also illegal to use the term “glazed donut” when texting in Pakistan.

-One of the first ads for the cup sold it as the best way to protect “the floppy man parts.”

-Popovers get their puffiness from steam. (Wet batter + hot oven = steam => puffy popovers)

-The horns of Ankole cows cool the cow’s blood before returning it to the rest of the body. (This helps the cow stay cool in sweltering heat.)

-David Letterman used to be a weatherman. So did Pat Sajak.

-Tetris was created in Russia.

-Pistachios are seeds.

-Almonds, pecans and walnuts are the seeds of drupes. (Drupes are pitted fruits like olives and peaches.)

-There’s no meat in mincemeat.

-20% of men have participated in a conference call while in the bathroom.

-Nuts are indehiscent fruits (fruits that don’t open at maturity).

-Figs aren’t fruits. They’re clusters of flowers called inflorescences. The crunchy little seeds are the flowers.

-Marie Curie’s notebooks are radioactive.

-Iguanas sneeze more than any other animal.

-The scientific term for a sneeze is sternutation.

-Geese “whiffle” (they flip upside down to slow down before landing).

-Smokey the Bear was originally called “Hotfoot Teddy.”

Things I Learned: 11/29/11

-T-rex didn’t run. Because it had strong buttocks and weak ankles, it power walked.

-The Egyptian vulture has a yellow head because it eats poop.

-Surficial is a word. It means of or pertaining to the earth’s surface.

-A group of starlings is a murmuration.

-A “mean sidereal day” is the period of time during which the earth makes one revolution on its axis relative to a particular star. (23 hrs, 56 min, 4.09 sec)

-Rabbit hopping is a sport. And FYI: The world record in high jump is 39.17 inches by a Danish rabbit named Tosen. Yaboo, who’s also Danish, has the long jump record with 9.84 feet.

-Delicata squash and sweet dumpling squash are the same squash, in different shapes.

-The woman’s voice in all airport announcements comes from a real person—and she lives in Maine.

-Janet Reno is 6’1”.

-The Astros are moving to the American League.

-Moose calves are born without any bacteria in their systems so mamma moose lick their babies incessantly to give them bacteria.

-Orogeny is the process of the earth’s crust smashing together to make mountains.

-Two hundred years ago there were 27 letters in the alphabet. The last letter was & (the symbol for “and”). Because ending the alphabet with “X, Y, Z and and” sounds funny, people called the & “per se and” and finished the alphabet by saying “X, Y, Z and per se and.” Eventually “and per se and” became ampersand. (And at some point it was booted from the alphabet.)

-22 people invented the incandescent bulb before Thomas Edison.

Things I Learned: 10/25/11

-The Ancient Egyptians invented bowling

-Some dolphins in Shark Bay, Australia use conch shells to catch fish.

-Superior canal dehiscence syndrome, an inner ear disorder caused by a small hole in the bone covering part of the inner ear, causes every sound within the body to be amplified. (People with this disorder can hear their eyeballs move.)

-Wooly rhinos, which lived in what is now Tibet about 1 million years before the Ice Age, had large flat forward-leaning front horns that most likely acted as snow shovels.

-Niacin deficiency causes pellagra, a shriveling disease the Italians got from eating too much polenta (which is made from corn, which is deficient in niacin). Native Americans also ate a lot of corn, but they planted their corn with beans, which are loaded with niacin.

-Thomas Jefferson brought dried pasta to America.

-The model T was offered in colors until 1914 when Henry ford discovered that black paint dried faster.

-Fleas that live on a dog can jump higher than fleas that live on a cat.

-“Thriller” was originally titled “Starlight.”

-People’s tolerance for grossness (measured by their response to images of gross things like a man eating worms) is linked to their political views. People who were more disgusted by gross images tended to be more conservative. Study subjects who opposed gay marriage tended to exhibit the deepest levels of disgust for the images.

-Last year, 25% of the bras sold in intimacy boutiques were size G or larger.

-Dueling is legal in Paraguay (as long as both parties are registered blood donors).

-Personal drug use is not a criminal offense in Portugal.

-In Kentucky, it’s illegal for a human female to appear in a bathing suit on a highway unless she’s a) escorted by at least two police officers; b) armed with a club; c) lighter than 90 pounds or d) heavier than 200 pounds. A female horse can appear in a bathing suit on a highway without any of these silly restrictions.

-Shorter lower legs allow animals (modern mammals and Neanderthals) to maneuver over mountainous terrain more efficiently than those with longer lower legs.

-It’s illegal to plow a cotton field with an elephant in North Carolina.

Things I Learned: 8/25/11

I’m still learning things, but I’m changing the rules because:

           

1. It’s my project.

2. I can’t count (If you’ve trained with me, you know this) and therefore have no idea if I’ve actually learned enough things to account for the time between my last list and now.

            

3. As you all probably know, I have ADHD. Is it reasonable to ask an ADHD kid to restrict herself to learning a single new thing a day (or to ask her to remember to write down that single new thing)? Hell no.

So here’s some stuff I learned. Enjoy it.

-Multisport started in Mission Bay, CA where the San Diego Track Club started swimming before and after their run workouts.

-James Bond (the fictional one) is named after a real ornithologist. And he’s “007” because that was the number of the bus Ian Fleming took to the local bar.

-The dictionary definition of dork is: 1.) a dull, slow-witted or socially inept person; 2.) a penis.

-One theory of the origins of tennis scoring says that the scores were based on a clock face that was used on the court. Each point was worth a quarter of the clock face (15, 30, 45, 60). The first player to reach 60 won, but to make it so that a player would have to win by more than one point, they introduce “deuce,” changed the 45 to a 40 and awarded 10 points for each point after deuce.

-The origin of the term “love” for zero in tennis may come from the French term l’oeuf (the egg) or from the belief that players have “love for each other” at the start of the match when both scores are at zero.

-Potato chips were invented in Saratoga Springs, NY by a chef named George Crum, who sent the chips to a diner complaining that his French fries were too thick.

-The first cows brought to America landed at what is now Vaughan Woods Memorial State Park in South Berwick, ME.

-In MA, it’s illegal to frighten a pigeon.

-In Waterville, ME, it’s illegal to blow your nose in public.

-Potatoes come from Peru.

- Glenn Burke, an outfielder for the LA Dodgers, invented the high five in 1977. Burke was also the first Major League Baseball player to come out (after he retired in 1980).

-August is admit you’re happy month.

-Cigüeña means stork in Spanish.

-August 13 was national lefthanders day

-After the BP oil spill oil evaporated and ended up in clouds…and then it rained oil (or at least hydrocarbons).

-If a rat’s whisker is stimulated for 4 minutes following a stroke, the blood will seek alternate routes around the blockage, therefore preventing brain damage.

-El Paso, Texas and Antarctica were right next to each other before Pangaea broke apart.

-You can tell the age of freshwater mussels by counting the rings on their shells. (Confession: I may have known this.)

-Friday, August 26 is national dog day.

-Lager is fermented for longer and at lower temperatures than ale.

-Greater flamingos enhance their pink color using carotenoid pigments secreted by a preening gland on their butts.

-Flamingos have salt glands that enable them to excrete excess salt.

-Flamingos are filter feeders: They submerge their heads upside down, using their upper bills as ladles and their tongues as pistons that pump water (and food) into their bills and squirt water out.

-Flamingos stand on one leg to stay warm.

-Flamingos show “handedness.” When they curve their neck behind them (to stay warm), most curve to the right, but some (the left-neckers) curve to the left.

-Flamingo chicks are more likely to survive if they are surrounded by chicks born on the same day.

A Small Dose of Things I Learned

-We get NESN!

-Fingernails grow about three times faster as toenails

-The places where bats hibernate are called “hibernacula”

-Sugoi means incredible in Japanese

-SPF 15 blocks 95% of the sun’s rays and SPF 30 blocks 97% of the sun’s rays

-There’s such a thing as funeral college.

-Hailstones are loaded with bacteria called P. syringae, which causes water to freeze at warmer than normal temperatures. The bacteria uses hail to damage the cell walls of plants so it can eat the inside.

-An aggregation of whale sharks is called an “afuera,” which means “outside” in Spanish.

-To attract females, male alligators use their lungs to produce an infrasound that causes the male to vibrate, creating waves in the water just above his back.

-Wild hamsters exist, but there are only 800 or so left in France.

-Sprouts hold bacteria in their seeds.

-Olives and acai are “drupes,” or pitted fruits.

-In some species of lemur, males and females have different fur colors.

-A “gore” is a plot of land (usually a triangle) that, thanks to surveying error, is not part of any town.

-When kiwis were first imported to the U.S., they were called Chinese gooseberries. They didn’t become popular until they were renamed “kiwis.”

-Alzheimer’s patients tend to be more active at night and sleep during the day, a phenomenon known as “sundown.”

-When worker ants (of the species Pachycondyla chinensis) come across food that’s too big for them to carry alone, they go back to their nest, pickup another worker ant in their jaws and carry it to the oversized prize. The ant drops its helper next to the food and the two ants carry it back to the nest together.

-There’s a fruit called “dragon fruit.”

-The Nova Scotia Association of Architects celebrates National Beaver Day on the last Friday in February.

-Blind people can use echolocation to "see."

Things I Learned: 5/2/11 (The vacation edition)

-In World War I, the British and Germans had an unspoken breakfast treaty.

-Navigating by response (ie. doing what your GPS tells you to do) can cause one’s hippocampus to atrophy.

-Saltwater crocodiles kill their prey using a death roll.

-King crabs are moving into Antarctic waters.

-Hopewell Township, NJ is proposing a law that would limit conjugal visits between backyard chickens and roosters to 10 days a year and no more than 5 consecutive days.

-260 million years ago, there was a saber-toothed animal that only ate plants.

-Three to five million years ago, a giant rabbit species lived on the island of Minorca. It couldn’t hop and, because of its short ears, probably couldn’t hear very well.

-This is awesome.

-Henry Ford and Thomas Edison invented the charcoal briquette.

-The Imperfectionists is a real downer of a book.

-Honeybees can detect pesticides in pollen.

-An invasivore is someone who eats invasive species.

-Bubblegum flavor is a combination of vanilla, wintergreen, peppermint and cassia.

-McDonalds in Hong Kong offers a wedding package.

-Hag fish can die in their own slime.

-The penis of the Queen conch is so long and unprotected that crabs often eat it. It grows back.

-“The Imperfectionists” is a terrible, horrible, no good, very bad book.

-CO2 takes up more volume than O2 in our lungs.

-Each state in India celebrates the New Year on a different day.

-There’s a tribe in Africa that steals kills from lions.

-Soldiers guarding the tomb of the unknown soldier in Athens wear traditional attire, including skirts with 400 pleats to mark the 400 years of Turkish rule.

-The Dutch partake of “inter course,” a break between courses of a meal.

-The Swiss were the first to come up with a word for homesickness.

-Santorini, Greece used to be a ring-shaped island with a massive 1,000 + meter tall volcano (surrounded by water) in the middle. A long time ago, the volcano erupted and sank into the sea. The eruption was so big that the lava has been found in Iceland and ash has been found in the soil under the California redwoods.

-The eruption caused a tsunami that covered Crete (wiping out the Minoans), caused the Red Sea to part and caused the plagues…supposedly, the sky was dark for 2 days.

-A hippo’s mouth is half a meter wide.

-Steig Larson’s trilogy is the perfect antidote to “The Imperfectionists.”

-One month after the Olympic games (which were for free Greek men only), Greek women (virgins only) competed in the Heraea games. The women raced 160 meters in short one-shouldered dresses.

-In the ancient Olympics, men who cheated had their names and offense carved on a plaque below a statue of Zeus. Competitors spat on the plaques as they entered the arena.

-Cheaters always “met with an accident” on their way home from the Games.

-Winners of the ancient Olympic games got free food for life.

-When the winners returned to their hometown, they drove right through the town’s barricades because, if a town had an Olympic champion, the townspeople no longer needed a barricade to protect them.

-In ancient times, the motto of Kotor, Montenegro was “What belongs to others, we don’t want. What’s ours’ we’ll never give up.”

-Albarino is a yummy white wine.

-Croatians invented the ballpoint pen and the cravat.

-Continental Airlines SUCKS.

-A coypu is a web-footed rodent.

Crispy Fish with Tomato-Basil Sauce and Things I Learned: 3/18/11

We made this dish with a new (to us) fish—Pangasius—a farm-raised river catfish from Asia. According to Seafood Watch, Pangasius is a “good alternative” when U.S.-farmed catfish (a “best choice”) is not available. It was delicious.

(Adapted from Everyday with Rachael Ray)

4 tbsp. (maybe more) olive oil

2 cloves garlic, minced

1 large shallot, chopped

1 pint grape tomatoes, halved

a handful of fresh basil leaves, torn (or do what we did and gasp toss in some dried basil)

2/3 cup cornmeal

¼ cup shredded parmesan cheese

coarse black pepper (a few cranks of the pepper grinder)

½ cup balsamic vinegar

2 tbsp. brown sugar

1 lb. Pangasius fillets (or other sustainable white fish)

*Remember: There’s a Seafood Watch app for the iphone and it’s free.

1. Heat 2 tbsp. olive oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium heat.

2. Add garlic and shallot and cook, stirring, for 1 to 2 minutes.

3. Add the tomatoes and basil and cook, stirring occasionally, until the tomatoes start to break down (about 10 minutes).

4. While the tomatoes cook, combine the cornmeal, parm and black pepper in a shallow dish. Dunk the fish in the cornmeal mixture, coating both sides.

5. Remove the tomato mixture from the skillet and set aside.

6. Add 2 tbsp. (or more) of olive oil to the skillet and turn the heat up to medium-high.

7. Place the fish in the skillet and cook, turning once, until it’s crisp and slightly browned (8-10 minutes total).

8. While the fish cooks, combine the balsamic vinegar and brown sugar in a small saucepan. Bring to a boil and then simmer until it reduces to a syrupy consistency.

9. Top the fish with the tomato sauce and drizzle with balsamic glaze.

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And now, the things I learned:

-Until recently, it was illegal to sell a motorcycle on a Sunday in New Jersey.

-Five hundred years ago every flatfish was called a butt.

-The fish we now call halibut was only eaten on holy days so it was called a holy butt (tee hee), which was eventually changed to halibut.

-Polar bears can run 100 meters in 9 seconds (the current human world record, held by Usain Bolt, is 9.58 seconds).

-Peaches and nectarines sometimes grow on the same tree.

-Flamingos occasionally “suffer” from reverse migration (a neurological mess-up that makes the bird fly in the exact opposite direction from its intended destination). And so, in November, when flamingos should be leaving Kazakhstan for Iran, some fly to Siberia instead.

-Lakes in the Andes freeze while flamingos are wading. Most of the flamingos wait for the ice to thaw, but a few try to yank their legs out of the ice.

-Scientists use rump size to determine a bird’s body condition.

-A woman named Tabitha Babbitt invented the circular saw and a woman named Mary Anderson invented the windshield wiper.

-There’s a salamander called a snot otter.

-Some people get a prolactin rush when they listen to sad music. Some people don’t. The people that get the prolactin rush tend to like sad music. Those who don’t tend to find sad music depressing. (If you must know, I find sad music depressing.)

-A male hawk is called a tercel.

-“Meteorology” means “high in the sky” in Greek.

-In the Middle Ages, people were suspicious of bakers. If a baker didn’t deliver the exact weight he’d promised a customer, he’d be punished. To save himself from what was probably some sort of horrendous punishment, a baker asked to deliver 12 loaves would deliver 13…hence “a baker’s dozen.”

-Humans (males and females) can have up to six nipples.

Roasted Carrot Salad and Things I Learned: 3/3/11

The original recipe for this awesome salad came from the New York Times. It called for black olives. We do not like black olives so I left them out—and made a whole bunch of other changes.

1 lb. carrots, washed (don’t bother peeling)

½ cup EVOO

½ - 1 tsp. dried thyme

1 ½ tbsp. red wine vinegar

2 shallots, minced and lightly sautéed (for about 3 minutes)

1 package (about 4 cups) arugula

1 tbsp. lemon juice

½ cup crumbled feta cheese

½ cup walnut halves

2 tbsp. sugar

1. Preheat oven to 450°.

2. Cut carrots into carrot stick size and toss in a bowl with 4 tbsp. EVOO and the thyme.

3. Warm a rimmed baking sheet in the oven for 3-4 minutes, take it out, spread the carrots onto the baking sheet and roast the carrots for about 15 minutes (until they’re crisp-tender and slightly caramelized).

4. While the carrots roast, combine the walnuts and sugar in a nonstick skillet over medium heat. Toast, stirring, until the sugar becomes gooey. Continue stirring to completely coat the walnuts in the gooey sugar. Remove from heat.

5. In a small bowl, combine the red wine vinegar and ¼ cup of EVOO.

6. Transfer 3 tbsp. of the red wine vinegar-EVOO mixture to a large bowl and add the roasted carrots. Marinate for 5 minutes or so.

7. Add the shallots to the bowl with the carrots.

8. Add the arugula and the lemon juice. Toss.

9. Add the walnuts and the feta and toss again.

10. Serve. Top with some of the reserved dressing if you want. (Pete likes it with extra dressing. I don’t.)

***********

And now for the things I learned:

-In Nova Scotia, capelin breed on land. (Capelin are fish. The Nova Scotia population is the only one that breeds on land. The rest breed in the ocean.)

-Marine iguanas exist. They live in the Galapagos and eat algae—females eat algae off the rocks and males go for the fresh stuff on the ocean floor.

-Infants can’t hear very well because their auditory systems aren’t fully developed. And that’s why they scream/cry/wail so loudly.

-Bears are groggy (and their metabolism is at about half of its non-hibernation level) for two to three weeks after hibernation.

-My spin class does not like Guns N Roses.

-Wild bananas have seeds the size of peppercorns.

-There’s a cricket team in Portland.

-Bowdoin has a curling team and there are enough curling teams in Maine for the Bowdoin team to win the state championship.

-Gulper eels can’t really swim, but they can eat prey bigger than themselves.

-The fangtooth (a deep sea fish) has the largest teeth in relation to body size. And, because of its disproportionately large teeth, it can’t close its mouth.

-Female lions are better hunters than male lions partly because of the male’s mane. The mane makes the male more conspicuous (not good for stalking prey) and makes him hot, making him an inefficient hunter.

-Hagfish are the only (or at least the first known) vertebrate that absorbs food through its skin and gills—and its mouth.

-Someone who studies moths and butterflies is called a lepidopterist. 

Things I Learned: 2/18/11

-Oobleck is a non-newtonian fluid that acts like either a solid or a liquid depending on the force with which you hit it. (ie. You can run on top of it, but if you try to walk slowly you’ll fall in.) It’s made of two parts cornstarch and one part water.

-Research suggests that people with allergies are less likely to get glioma (the type of brain tumor Ted Kennedy had), colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer.

-Florida state law requires sea turtle rescuers to return sea turtles to the place they were found—even if that place is so disgustingly polluted that it was part of the reason they needed rescuing in the first place.

-The Incan king planted the first quinoa seed of the season with a golden spade.

-The whole idea that only children are odd comes from an 1896 “study” by Granville Stanley Hall who asked teachers around the country to submit examples of children who were different. Some of the kids the teachers described were real kids (who were exceptionally pretty, remarkably ugly, surprisingly strong or just plain picky eaters) and some were fictional characters from novels. Hall tallied the numbers and determined that the majority of these “peculiar and exceptional children” were only children or children of immigrants.

-The Aztec word for avocado is ahuacatl, meaning testicle.

-Moose eat pine needles (live ones).

-Bladderworts (carnivorous plants) trap their prey at an acceleration of 600G. That’s a lot faster than a venus fly trap does it.

-A street without left turns is called a “Michigan left” and it’s safer and more efficient (both in terms of time and fuel) than a regular ol’ street.

-Rothschild’s giraffes, which are endangered, have five horns. (Other giraffe subspecies have two horns.) 

Things I Learned: 2/8/11

-Feb 1 is National Freedom Day, a day to commemorate Lincoln’s signing of the 13^th Amendment (that’s the one that outlawed slavery). I am embarrassed that I’m just learning this now.

-The tailbone is unnecessary, just like the appendix.

-Kids have more taste buds than adults.

-They only change the plastic cover on the fish scale at Hannaford after 3-4 customers so if you’re allergic to shrimp, tell them before they weigh your fish. (Luckily I narrowly missed learning this the hard way.)

-Proper running form is controlled falling. Therefore, running in the snow with Makai on a leash attached to my waist should be amazing training.

-Onion juice is a commonly recommended natural cough remedy. Pete wouldn’t try it.

-The term “put a sock in it” comes from a method of dealing with the lack of volume control on the first gramophones. To lower the volume, people would shove a sock in the horn.

-When cheetahs run they exhale when their front paws touch the ground (because their internal organs slosh forward and slam into their lungs).

-Woodpeckers peck wood at a rate of 22 pecks per second and experience decelerations of 1200g. (Humans get concussions when they experience decelerations between 80 and 100g.)

Lentil Pilaf and Things I Learned: 1/31/11

Lentils are funny. They’re like a cross between beans, peas and pebbles and yet, they’re tasty.

(Adapted from Ellie Krieger’s “So Easy”)

1 cup green lentils

2 cups water

2 tbsp olive oil

4 shallots, diced

1 package baby spinach

1 pint grape tomatoes, halved

¼ cup chopped parsley

2 tbsp fresh lemon juice

1. Add lentils and water to a medium saucepan. Bring to a boil, then reduce the heat, cover and simmer for about 30 minutes. (The lentils will be tender, but not mushy). Drain.

2. In a large skillet, heat olive oil over medium-high heat.

3. Add the shallots and cook, stirring, until tender (about 3 minutes).

4. Add the spinach to the skillet. Wilt.

5. Add tomatoes, lentils and parsley to the skillet. Cook, stirring until everything is well combined and warm.

6. Sprinkle with lemon juice and serve.  

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And now for the things I learned this week since the last time I posted:

-Bactrian camels eat 2 ½ gallons of snow a day.

-Woodcocks are also called timberdoodles.

-Humans tend to choose mates whose immune systems are different than their own.

-I learned why squatting during labor is “easier,” but, since this is a food blog, I’ll spare you the explanation.

-This is hard—not the learning something new everyday part, but learning something shareable everyday.

-There’s a bird called the “splendid fairy-wren.” It’s related to the “superb fairy-wren” and the “lovely fairy-wren.”

-The use of the word “mug” for face comes from the tradition of making beer mugs look like grimacing faces (in 18^th century England).

-The Norwegian lundehund (a dog just recognized by the AKC) has such a flexible neck that it can bend backwards to touch its nose to its back.

-The great bustard is the heaviest flying bird in the world. (Most males weigh between 22 and 35 pounds.)

Great bustard

Things I Learned: 1/22/11

-1 inch of water equals 10 inches of snow, more or less…

-The Burmese snub-nosed monkey sneezes when it rains (presumably because it gets water in its upturned nostrils).

-In 500 B.C. the Celts made beer that was more intoxicating than our current brews—and, according to some sources, “smelled like a billy goat.”

-Some amoebas are farmers.

-Some people are really good tweeters. My friend Amy is one of them.

-When they feel threatened, some species of tarantula rapidly flick their legs against their backs, launching a fine mist of tiny barbed hairs towards their attackers.

-The “gin” in cotton gin is short for “engine.”

Things I Learned: 1/15/11

Last week, I came across a piece by Giles Turnbull, a British writer who set out to test the theory that we learn something new everyday by recording the one thing he learned everyday for all of 2010. His new knowledge includes vocabulary (1/8/10: Bundles of nerves inside the body are called fascicles), history (5/26/10: The Greek philosopher Chrysippus is said to have died laughing while watching a donkey eating figs), personal experience (9/10/10: You can use the word “alienate” to mean “turn into an alien”—if you’re 8) and opinion (2/19/10: Mission Impossible III is an appalling pile of shit.) He can’t guarantee that all 365 factoids are true of course—“I read them in newspapers and on the internet, after all.”

I’m going to try something similar. But if I write down one thing a day with the intent of compiling it all at the end of the year, I’ll lose interest quickly. Instead, I’ll do a weekly post starting now:

-Carrots are naturally purple. The Dutch created orange carrots in the 17^th century.

-Horseradish is a root vegetable.

-A banana is an herb.

-Meraki is a Greek word used to describe doing something with soul, creativity, or love — when you put "something of yourself" into what you're doing.

-Not only is it wrong to double space after a period (I learned that a few years ago), but it’s been wrong to double space after a period since the early 20^th century.

-The oriental hornet gets some of its energy from its solar-powered exoskeleton. It gets the rest of its energy from food, like most animals.

-Canada is the world’s largest export producer of lentils, which have the third highest level of protein of any plant-based food (only hemp and soybeans have more).